← Trials/Trial dossier/NCT00235716
TEAM-AD
CompletedPhase 3Results postedA Randomized, Clinical Trial of Vitamin E and Memantine in Alzheimer's Disease
CSP #546 - A Randomized, Clinical Trial of Vitamin E and Memantine in Alzheimer's Disease (TEAM-AD)
Lead sponsor
Asset
Memantine
Listed sites
14
Recruiting sites
-
Enrollment
613
actual
Study population
Alzheimer’s disease
Key I/E criteria
•Alzheimer's disease•MMSE 12-26
Primary endpoints
•Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study/Activities of Daily Living (ADCS/ADL)•Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)•ADAS-Cog
Footprint
Where this trial recruits
Site locations as reported to ClinicalTrials.gov. Site count is not enrollment count; per-site enrollment is not available from source.
Identifiers
Registered as
Timeline
Milestones
Assets
Drug assets
Study populations
Who this study enrolls
Eligibility
Who can enroll
Inclusion criteria
1. Diagnoses of possible or probable Alzheimer's disease (NINCDS-ADRDA)
2. Presence of a caregiver (friend or relative) who can assume responsibility for medication compliance, can accompany the patient to all visits, and rate patient's condition
3. Written informed consent from both the patient (or surrogate) and caregiver
4. An MMSE score between 12 and 26 inclusive
5. Administration of a maintenance dosage of donepezil (5-10mg/d), rivastigmine (6-12mg/d) or rivastigmine (Exelon) patch (4.6 mg or 9.5 mg), galantamine or galantamine ER (16-24mg/d) for a minimum of 4 weeks prior to randomization
6. Agreement not to take vitamin E supplements and/or memantine outside of the study (daily multivitamin is permitted containing up to 100 IU alpha-tocopherol)
Exclusion criteria
1. A non-Alzheimer primary dementia (e.g., vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, fronto-temporal dementia, vitamin B-12 deficiency, hypothyroidism)
2. Current major depression, delirium, alcohol or psychoactive substance abuse or dependency, schizophrenia, or delusional disorder as defined by DSM-IV
3. Presence of any uncontrolled systemic illness that would interfere with participation in the study or a life expectancy of less than one year
4. Pregnant or intention to become pregnant
5. Enrollment in another interventional clinical trial
6. Current prescription with more than one AChE inhibitor
7. Current prescription for warfarin
8. Use of vitamin E supplements in the past 2 weeks
9. Use of memantine in the past 4 weeks or known intolerance
10. Estimated creatinine clearance less than 5ml/min (Cockcroft-Gault formula)
11. Use of amantadine in the past 2 weeks
Endpoints (14)
What's being measured
Protocol endpoints and posted registry outcome measures, grouped into outcome categories. Composite endpoints show their component event types. Standard codes (LOINC, SNOMED CT) are shown where available.
Coverage by outcome category
Global cognition
4 endpointsMini-Mental State Examination Change From Baseline
Time frame:6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months minus baseline
Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
change from baseline, improvement
Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - Cognitive (ADAS-cog) Change From Baseline
Time frame:6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months minus baseline
ADAS-Cog
change from baseline, improvement
Mini-Mental State Examination Change From Baseline
Time frame:6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months minus baseline
Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
change from baseline, improvement
Posted result
| Group | Value (least_squares_mean), units on a scale | Standard error |
|---|---|---|
| Vitamin E6 months minus baselinen=136 Participants | -0.35 | 0.29 |
| 12 months minus baselinen=136 Participants | -0.95 | 0.34 |
| 18 months minus baselinen=136 Participants | -2.00 | 0.44 |
| 24 months minus baselinen=136 Participants | -2.62 | 0.52 |
| 30 months minus baselinen=136 Participants | -3.67 | 0.61 |
| 36 months minus baselinen=136 Participants | -4.97 | 0.74 |
| 42 months minus baselinen=136 Participants | -4.84 | 0.79 |
| 48 months minus baselinen=136 Participants | -5.26 | 0.94 |
| Average change from baselinen=136 Participants | -2.97 | 0.33 |
| Memantine6 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | -0.24 | 0.28 |
| 12 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | -1.09 | 0.34 |
| 18 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | -2.62 | 0.45 |
| 24 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | -3.44 | 0.54 |
| 30 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | -3.79 | 0.63 |
| 36 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | -4.26 | 0.78 |
| 42 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | -4.59 | 0.80 |
| 48 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | -5.98 | 0.98 |
| Average change from baselinen=140 Participants | -3.05 | 0.33 |
| Vitamin E + Memantine6 months minus baselinen=136 Participants | -0.20 | 0.29 |
| 12 months minus baselinen=136 Participants | -0.65 | 0.34 |
| 18 months minus baselinen=136 Participants | -1.22 | 0.44 |
| 24 months minus baselinen=136 Participants | -2.29 | 0.53 |
| 30 months minus baselinen=136 Participants | -3.16 | 0.61 |
| 36 months minus baselinen=136 Participants | -3.69 | 0.73 |
| 42 months minus baselinen=136 Participants | -3.80 | 0.74 |
| 48 months minus baselinen=136 Participants | -5.70 | 0.91 |
| Average change from baselinen=136 Participants | -2.80 | 0.33 |
| Placebo6 months minus baselinen=137 Participants | -0.34 | 0.29 |
| 12 months minus baselinen=137 Participants | -1.39 | 0.35 |
| 18 months minus baselinen=137 Participants | -2.21 | 0.45 |
| 24 months minus baselinen=137 Participants | -2.90 | 0.55 |
| 30 months minus baselinen=137 Participants | -3.26 | 0.65 |
| 36 months minus baselinen=137 Participants | -3.87 | 0.79 |
| 42 months minus baselinen=137 Participants | -4.68 | 0.83 |
| 48 months minus baselinen=137 Participants | -5.42 | 1.02 |
| Average change from baselinen=137 Participants | -3.16 | 0.33 |
Longitudinal analysis to assess the average treatment effect over 48 months with visits at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months using all available data.
Longitudinal analysis to assess the average treatment effect over 48 months with visits at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months using all available data.
Longitudinal analysis to assess the average treatment effect over 48 months with visits at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months using all available data.
Longitudinal analysis to assess the average treatment effect over 48 months with visits at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months using all available data.
Longitudinal analysis to assess the average treatment effect over 48 months with visits at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months using all available data.
Longitudinal analysis to assess the average treatment effect over 48 months with visits at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months using all available data.
Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - Cognitive (ADAS-cog) Change From Baseline
Time frame:6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months minus baseline
ADAS-Cog
change from baseline, improvement
Posted result
| Group | Value (least_squares_mean), units on a scale | Standard error |
|---|---|---|
| Vitamin E6 months minus baselinen=135 Participants | 1.38 | 0.63 |
| 12 months minus baselinen=135 Participants | 2.40 | 0.72 |
| 18 months minus baselinen=135 Participants | 4.34 | 0.91 |
| 24 months minus baselinen=135 Participants | 4.32 | 1.10 |
| 30 months minus baselinen=135 Participants | 7.87 | 1.31 |
| 36 months minus baselinen=135 Participants | 9.00 | 1.53 |
| 42 months minus baselinen=135 Participants | 10.35 | 1.60 |
| 48 months minus baselinen=135 Participants | 10.73 | 1.87 |
| Average change from baselinen=135 Participants | 5.97 | 0.70 |
| Memantine6 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 1.11 | 0.62 |
| 12 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 3.32 | 0.72 |
| 18 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 5.69 | 0.91 |
| 24 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 6.73 | 1.12 |
| 30 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 7.64 | 1.34 |
| 36 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 8.31 | 1.60 |
| 42 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 8.24 | 1.64 |
| 48 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 11.74 | 1.97 |
| Average change from baselinen=140 Participants | 6.38 | 0.70 |
| Vitamin E + Memantine6 months minus baselinen=136 Participants | 1.53 | 0.63 |
| 12 months minus baselinen=136 Participants | 2.48 | 0.72 |
| 18 months minus baselinen=136 Participants | 3.46 | 0.90 |
| 24 months minus baselinen=136 Participants | 5.76 | 1.11 |
| 30 months minus baselinen=136 Participants | 5.85 | 1.30 |
| 36 months minus baselinen=136 Participants | 8.26 | 1.50 |
| 42 months minus baselinen=136 Participants | 7.97 | 1.51 |
| 48 months minus baselinen=136 Participants | 9.70 | 1.82 |
| Average change from baselinen=136 Participants | 6.13 | 0.71 |
| Placebo6 months minus baselinen=137 Participants | 3.04 | 0.63 |
| 12 months minus baselinen=137 Participants | 4.26 | 0.74 |
| 18 months minus baselinen=137 Participants | 6.04 | 0.92 |
| 24 months minus baselinen=137 Participants | 6.71 | 1.15 |
| 30 months minus baselinen=137 Participants | 8.90 | 1.38 |
| 36 months minus baselinen=137 Participants | 10.77 | 1.63 |
| 42 months minus baselinen=137 Participants | 10.61 | 1.69 |
| 48 months minus baselinen=137 Participants | 10.85 | 2.04 |
| Average change from baselinen=137 Participants | 7.78 | 0.70 |
Longitudinal analysis to assess the average treatment effect over 48 months with visits at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months using all available data.
Longitudinal analysis to assess the average treatment effect over 48 months with visits at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months using all available data.
Longitudinal analysis to assess the average treatment effect over 48 months with visits at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months using all available data.
Longitudinal analysis to assess the average treatment effect over 48 months with visits at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months using all available data.
Longitudinal analysis to assess the average treatment effect over 48 months with visits at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months using all available data.
Longitudinal analysis to assess the average treatment effect over 48 months with visits at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months using all available data.
Function / daily living
4 endpointsAlzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study/Activities of Daily Living (ADCS/ADL) Inventory Change From Baseline
Time frame:6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months minus baseline
change from baseline, improvement
Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study/Activities of Daily Living (ADCS/ADL) Inventory Change From Baseline
Time frame:6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months minus baseline
change from baseline, improvement
Posted result
| Group | Value (least_squares_mean), units on a scale | Standard error |
|---|---|---|
| Vitamin E6 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | -1.72 | 0.95 |
| 12 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | -4.29 | 1.20 |
| 18 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | -8.01 | 1.40 |
| 24 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | -11.88 | 1.66 |
| 30 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | -15.84 | 1.94 |
| 36 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | -19.71 | 2.34 |
| 42 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | -25.30 | 2.57 |
| 48 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | -26.55 | 3.11 |
| Average change from baselinen=140 Participants | -13.81 | 1.11 |
| Memantine6 months minus baselinen=142 Participants | -2.40 | 0.94 |
| 12 months minus baselinen=142 Participants | -6.99 | 1.21 |
| 18 months minus baselinen=142 Participants | -9.32 | 1.42 |
| 24 months minus baselinen=142 Participants | -14.06 | 1.70 |
| 30 months minus baselinen=142 Participants | -18.30 | 1.97 |
| 36 months minus baselinen=142 Participants | -18.78 | 2.43 |
| 42 months minus baselinen=142 Participants | -23.48 | 2.65 |
| 48 months minus baselinen=142 Participants | -24.60 | 3.18 |
| Average change from baselinen=142 Participants | -14.98 | 1.10 |
| Vitamin E + Memantine6 months minus baselinen=139 Participants | -2.78 | 0.96 |
| 12 months minus baselinen=139 Participants | -6.60 | 1.21 |
| 18 months minus baselinen=139 Participants | -7.98 | 1.41 |
| 24 months minus baselinen=139 Participants | -12.82 | 1.68 |
| 30 months minus baselinen=139 Participants | -15.66 | 1.97 |
| 36 months minus baselinen=139 Participants | -18.89 | 2.32 |
| 42 months minus baselinen=139 Participants | -23.44 | 2.52 |
| 48 months minus baselinen=139 Participants | -29.25 | 3.08 |
| Average change from baselinen=139 Participants | -15.20 | 1.11 |
| Placebo6 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | -4.52 | 0.95 |
| 12 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | -8.11 | 1.23 |
| 18 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | -10.21 | 1.43 |
| 24 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | -16.18 | 1.74 |
| 30 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | -19.67 | 2.06 |
| 36 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | -24.82 | 2.51 |
| 42 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | -28.13 | 2.76 |
| 48 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | -27.55 | 3.38 |
| Average change from baselinen=140 Participants | -16.96 | 1.11 |
Longitudinal analysis to assess the average treatment effect over 48 months with visits at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months using all available data.
Longitudinal analysis to assess the average treatment effect over 48 months with visits at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months using all available data.
Longitudinal analysis to assess the average treatment effect over 48 months with visits at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months using all available data.
Longitudinal analysis to assess the average treatment effect over 48 months with visits at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months using all available data.
Longitudinal analysis to assess the average treatment effect over 48 months with visits at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months using all available data.
Longitudinal analysis to assess the average treatment effect over 48 months with visits at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months using all available data.
Dependence Scale: Time to Event Analysis (Increase of of One Dependence Level)
Time frame:Every 6 months to a maximum of 4 years
time to event, event
Dependence Scale: Time to Event Analysis (Increase of of One Dependence Level)
Time frame:Every 6 months to a maximum of 4 years
time to event, event
Posted result
| Group | Value (number), participants | Reported bounds |
|---|---|---|
| Vitamin En=140 Participants | 80 | - |
| Memantinen=142 Participants | 87 | - |
| Vitamin E + Memantinen=139 Participants | 87 | - |
| Placebon=140 Participants | 79 | - |
Behavior / neuropsychiatric
2 endpointsNeuropsychiatric Inventory Change From Baseline
Time frame:6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months minus baseline
Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI)
change from baseline, improvement
Neuropsychiatric Inventory Change From Baseline
Time frame:6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months minus baseline
Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI)
change from baseline, improvement
Posted result
| Group | Value (least_squares_mean), units on a scale | Standard error |
|---|---|---|
| Vitamin E6 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | -1.24 | 1.07 |
| 12 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | -1.04 | 1.21 |
| 18 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 0.93 | 1.40 |
| 24 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 2.16 | 1.74 |
| 30 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 3.21 | 1.70 |
| 36 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 2.15 | 1.97 |
| 42 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 0.81 | 2.64 |
| 48 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | -0.60 | 2.53 |
| Average change from baselinen=140 Participants | 0.79 | 1.00 |
| Memantine6 months minus baselinen=142 Participants | -0.20 | 1.06 |
| 12 months minus baselinen=142 Participants | 0.31 | 1.22 |
| 18 months minus baselinen=142 Participants | 1.18 | 1.43 |
| 24 months minus baselinen=142 Participants | 4.29 | 1.79 |
| 30 months minus baselinen=142 Participants | 2.62 | 1.71 |
| 36 months minus baselinen=142 Participants | 3.24 | 2.07 |
| 42 months minus baselinen=142 Participants | 3.63 | 2.75 |
| 48 months minus baselinen=142 Participants | 2.79 | 2.60 |
| Average change from baselinen=142 Participants | 1.87 | 1.00 |
| Vitamin E + Memantine6 months minus baselinen=139 Participants | -0.47 | 1.08 |
| 12 months minus baselinen=139 Participants | -0.17 | 1.22 |
| 18 months minus baselinen=139 Participants | 0.41 | 1.41 |
| 24 months minus baselinen=139 Participants | 1.98 | 1.77 |
| 30 months minus baselinen=139 Participants | 2.16 | 1.71 |
| 36 months minus baselinen=139 Participants | 2.79 | 1.95 |
| 42 months minus baselinen=139 Participants | 1.85 | 2.54 |
| 48 months minus baselinen=139 Participants | 5.14 | 2.54 |
| Average change from baselinen=139 Participants | 1.79 | 1.00 |
| Placebo6 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 0.46 | 1.07 |
| 12 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 1.08 | 1.24 |
| 18 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 4.06 | 1.44 |
| 24 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 3.59 | 1.84 |
| 30 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 1.66 | 1.81 |
| 36 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 0.60 | 2.16 |
| 42 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 3.64 | 2.89 |
| 48 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 0.30 | 2.79 |
| Average change from baselinen=140 Participants | 2.26 | 1.01 |
Longitudinal analysis to assess the average treatment effect over 48 months with visits at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months using all available data.
Longitudinal analysis to assess the average treatment effect over 48 months with visits at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months using all available data.
Longitudinal analysis to assess the average treatment effect over 48 months with visits at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months using all available data.
Longitudinal analysis to assess the average treatment effect over 48 months with visits at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months using all available data.
Longitudinal analysis to assess the average treatment effect over 48 months with visits at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months using all available data.
Longitudinal analysis to assess the average treatment effect over 48 months with visits at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months using all available data.
Caregiver / quality of life
2 endpointsCaregiver Activity Survey Change From Baseline
Time frame:6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months minus baseline
change from baseline, improvement
Caregiver Activity Survey Change From Baseline
Time frame:6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months minus baseline
change from baseline, improvement
Posted result
| Group | Value (least_squares_mean), hours per day | Standard error |
|---|---|---|
| Vitamin E6 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | -0.93 | 0.82 |
| 12 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | -0.18 | 1.00 |
| 18 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 2.12 | 1.20 |
| 24 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 1.60 | 1.09 |
| 30 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 4.14 | 1.22 |
| 36 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 7.69 | 2.30 |
| 42 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 4.95 | 1.81 |
| 48 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 10.17 | 2.74 |
| Average change from baselinen=140 Participants | 3.35 | 0.78 |
| Memantine6 months minus baselinen=142 Participants | 0.99 | 0.81 |
| 12 months minus baselinen=142 Participants | 2.72 | 1.01 |
| 18 months minus baselinen=142 Participants | 3.77 | 1.22 |
| 24 months minus baselinen=142 Participants | 3.06 | 1.13 |
| 30 months minus baselinen=142 Participants | 5.22 | 1.25 |
| 36 months minus baselinen=142 Participants | 5.72 | 2.43 |
| 42 months minus baselinen=142 Participants | 9.46 | 1.89 |
| 48 months minus baselinen=142 Participants | 9.27 | 2.80 |
| Average change from baselinen=142 Participants | 5.52 | 0.78 |
| Vitamin E + Memantine6 months minus baselinen=139 Participants | 1.08 | 0.83 |
| 12 months minus baselinen=139 Participants | 1.39 | 1.01 |
| 18 months minus baselinen=139 Participants | 2.69 | 1.20 |
| 24 months minus baselinen=139 Participants | 2.82 | 1.11 |
| 30 months minus baselinen=139 Participants | 3.41 | 1.24 |
| 36 months minus baselinen=139 Participants | 4.90 | 2.24 |
| 42 months minus baselinen=139 Participants | 5.48 | 1.73 |
| 48 months minus baselinen=139 Participants | 13.80 | 2.74 |
| Average change from baselinen=139 Participants | 5.00 | 0.78 |
| Placebo6 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 1.20 | 0.82 |
| 12 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 1.89 | 1.04 |
| 18 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 3.16 | 1.23 |
| 24 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 3.45 | 1.16 |
| 30 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 4.36 | 1.32 |
| 36 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 10.68 | 2.51 |
| 42 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 10.62 | 1.99 |
| 48 months minus baselinen=140 Participants | 12.17 | 3.03 |
| Average change from baselinen=140 Participants | 5.14 | 0.79 |
Longitudinal analysis to assess the average treatment effect over 48 months with visits at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months using all available data.
Longitudinal analysis to assess the average treatment effect over 48 months with visits at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months using all available data.
Longitudinal analysis to assess the average treatment effect over 48 months with visits at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months using all available data.
Longitudinal analysis to assess the average treatment effect over 48 months with visits at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months using all available data.
Longitudinal analysis to assess the average treatment effect over 48 months with visits at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months using all available data.
Longitudinal analysis to assess the average treatment effect over 48 months with visits at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months using all available data.
Other clinical outcomes
2 endpointsAll-cause Mortality
Time frame:up to 4 years
descriptive
All-cause Mortality
Time frame:up to 4 years
descriptive
Posted result
| Group | Value (number), participants | Reported bounds |
|---|---|---|
| Vitamin En=152 Participants | 26 | - |
| Memantinen=155 Participants | 39 | - |
| Vitamin E + Memantinen=154 Participants | 32 | - |
| Placebon=152 Participants | 31 | - |
Publications (2)
Bibliography
Records linked to this trial through ClinicalTrials.gov references, PubMed NCT search, and curated study seeds. 'Canonical' marks design/result papers; others are registry references or candidates.
Registry references + supporting bibliography
- PMID24381967via RESULT
- PMID23583234via BACKGROUND
Provenance
Sources
Trial facts come from public ClinicalTrials.gov records. Endpoint categories are Delfa's classification of those records, not a ClinicalTrials.gov field. All figures reflect the July 21, 2026 snapshot.