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LEADER®
CompletedPhase 3Results postedLiraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcome Results
A Long-term, Multi-centre, International, Randomised Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial to Determine Liraglutide Effects on Cardiovascular Events
Lead sponsor
Asset
Liraglutide
Subcutaneous · GLP-1 agonist
Listed sites
428
Recruiting sites
—
Enrollment
9,341
actual
Study population
Cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes
Key I/E criterion
—
Primary endpoint
•3-point MACE (Cardiovascular death, Non-fatal MI, Non-fatal stroke)
Footprint
Where this trial recruits
Site locations as reported to ClinicalTrials.gov. Site count is not enrollment count; per-site enrollment is not available from source.
Identifiers
Registered as
Timeline
Milestones
Assets
Investigational agents
Study populations
Who this study enrolls
Eligibility
Who can enroll
Eligibility criteria
Endpoints (12)
What's being measured
Protocol endpoints and posted registry outcome measures, grouped into outcome categories. Composite endpoints show their component event types. Standard codes (LOINC, SNOMED CT) are shown where available.
Coverage by outcome category
Cardiovascular outcomes
8 endpointsTime From Randomisation to First Occurrence of Cardiovascular Death, Non-fatal Myocardial Infarction, or Non-fatal Stroke (a Composite Cardiovascular Outcome)
Time frame:from randomisation (visit 3; month 0) to last contact (visit 16; up to month 60+30 days)
3-point MACE
time to event, event
componentsCardiovascular death, Non-fatal MI, Non-fatal stroke
Posted result
| Group | Value (number), percentage of subjects | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Liraglutide | 13.0 | — |
| Placebo | 14.9 | — |
Time From Randomisation to First Occurrence of Cardiovascular Death, Non-fatal Myocardial Infarction, or Non-fatal Stroke (a Composite Cardiovascular Outcome)
Time frame:from randomisation (visit 3; month 0) to last contact (visit 16; up to month 60+30 days)
3-point MACE
time to event, event
componentsCardiovascular death, Non-fatal MI, Non-fatal stroke
Time From Rand. to First Occurrence of an Expanded Composite Cardiovascular Outcome Defined as Either Cardiovascular Death, Non-fatal Myocardial Infarction, Non-fatal Stroke, Revascularisation, Hospitalisation for Unstable Angina or for Heart Failure.
Time frame:from randomisation (visit 3; month 0) to last contact (visit 16; up to month 60+30 days)
Expanded / custom MACE composite
time to event, event
componentsCardiovascular death, Non-fatal MI, Non-fatal stroke, Coronary revascularization, Unstable angina hospitalization, Heart-failure hospitalization
Posted result
| Group | Value (number), percentage of subjects | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Liraglutide | 20.3 | — |
| Placebo | 22.7 | — |
Time From Randomisation to All Cause Death
Time frame:from randomisation (visit 3; month 0) to last contact (visit 16; up to month 60+30 days)
All-cause death
time to event, event
SNOMED 419620001
Posted result
| Group | Value (number), percentage of subjects | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Liraglutide | 8.2 | — |
| Placebo | 9.6 | — |
Time From Randomisation to Each Individual Component of the Expanded Composite Cardiovascular Outcome
Time frame:from randomisation (visit 3; month 0) to last contact (visit 16; up to month 60+30 days)
Expanded / custom MACE composite
time to event, event
Posted result
| Group | Value (number), percentage of subjects | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| LiraglutideCardiovascular death | 4.7 | — |
| Non-fatal stroke | 3.4 | — |
| Non-fatal myocardial infarction | 6.0 | — |
| Unstable angina pectoris (hospitalisation) | 2.6 | — |
| Coronary revascularisation | 8.7 | — |
| Heart failure (hospitalisation) | 4.7 | — |
| PlaceboCardiovascular death | 6.0 | — |
| Non-fatal stroke | 3.8 | — |
| Non-fatal myocardial infarction | 6.8 | — |
| Unstable angina pectoris (hospitalisation) | 2.7 | — |
| Coronary revascularisation | 9.4 | — |
| Heart failure (hospitalisation) | 5.3 | — |
Analysis for percentage of subjects experiencing cardiovascular death was done by Cox regression model with treatment as fixed factor.
Analysis for percentage of subjects experiencing non-fatal stroke was done by Cox regression model with treatment as fixed factor
Analysis for percentage of subjects experiencing non-fatal myocardial infarction was done by Cox regression model with treatment as fixed factor
Analysis for percentage of subjects experiencing hospitalisation for unstable angina pectoris was done by Cox regression model with treatment as fixed factor
Analysis for percentage of subjects experiencing coronary revascularisation was done by Cox regression model with treatment as fixed factor
Analysis for percentage of subjects experiencing hospitalisation for heart failure was done by Cox regression model with treatment as fixed factor
Time From Rand. to First Occurrence of an Expanded Composite Cardiovascular Outcome Defined as Either Cardiovascular Death, Non-fatal Myocardial Infarction, Non-fatal Stroke, Revascularisation, Hospitalisation for Unstable Angina or for Heart Failure.
Time frame:from randomisation (visit 3; month 0) to last contact (visit 16; up to month 60+30 days)
Expanded / custom MACE composite
time to event, event
componentsCardiovascular death, Non-fatal MI, Non-fatal stroke, Coronary revascularization, Unstable angina hospitalization, Heart-failure hospitalization
Time From Randomisation to All Cause Death
Time frame:from randomisation (visit 3; month 0) to last contact (visit 16; up to month 60+30 days)
All-cause death
time to event, event
SNOMED 419620001
Time From Randomisation to Each Individual Component of the Expanded Composite Cardiovascular Outcome
Time frame:from randomisation (visit 3; month 0) to last contact (visit 16; up to month 60+30 days)
time to event, event
Renal / kidney
2 endpointsTime From Randomisation to First Occurrence of a Composite Microvascular Outcome
Time frame:from randomisation (visit 3; month 0) to last contact (visit 16; up to month 60+30 days)
Custom renal composite
time to event, event
componentsuACR, change, eGFR, change, Kidney-replacement therapy, Renal death, other clinical outcomes retinopathy procedure or event
Posted result
| Group | Value (number), Percentage of subjects | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Liraglutide | 7.6 | — |
| Placebo | 8.9 | — |
Analysis for percentage of subjects experiencing a first microvascular event was done by Cox regression model with treatment as fixed factor.
Time From Randomisation to Each Individual Component of the Composite Microvascular Outcome and to the Retinopathy and Nephropathy Composite Outcomes Separately.
Time frame:from randomisation (visit 3; month 0) to last contact (visit 16; up to month 60+30 days)
time to event, event
Posted result
| Group | Value (number), Percentage of subjects | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| LiraglutideNephropathy composite | 5.7 | — |
| New onset of persistent macroalbuminuria | 3.4 | — |
| Persistent doubling of serum creatinine | 1.9 | — |
| Need for continuous renal-replacement therapy | 1.2 | — |
| Death due to renal disease | 0.2 | — |
| Retinopathy composite | 2.3 | — |
| Treatment with photocoagulation/intravitreal agent | 2.1 | — |
| Development of diabetes-related blindness | 0.0 | — |
| Vitreous haemorrhage | 0.7 | — |
| PlaceboNephropathy composite | 7.2 | — |
| New onset of persistent macroalbuminuria | 4.6 | — |
| Persistent doubling of serum creatinine | 2.1 | — |
| Need for continuous renal-replacement therapy | 1.4 | — |
| Death due to renal disease | 0.1 | — |
| Retinopathy composite | 2.0 | — |
| Treatment with photocoagulation/intravitreal agent | 1.8 | — |
| Development of diabetes-related blindness | 0.02 | — |
| Vitreous haemorrhage | 0.5 | — |
Analysis for percentage of subjects experiencing a composite nephropathy event was done by Cox regression model with treatment as fixed factor.
Analysis for percentage of subjects experiencing a new onset of persistant macroalbuminaria event was done by Cox regression model with treatment as fixed factor.
Analysis for percentage of subjects experiencing persistent doubling of serum creatinine was done by Cox regression model with treatment as fixed factor.
Analysis for percentage of subjects experiencing a need for continuous renal-replacement therapy was done by Cox regression model with treatment as fixed factor.
Analysis for percentage of subjects experiencing death due to renal disease was done by Cox regression model with treatment as fixed factor.
Analysis for percentage of subjects experiencing composite retinopathy was done by Cox regression model with treatment as fixed factor.
Analysis for percentage of subjects experiencing treatment with photocoagulation or intravitreal agents was done by Cox regression model with treatment as fixed factor.
Analysis for percentage of subjects experiencing development of diabetes-related blindness was done by Cox regression model with treatment as fixed factor.
Analysis for percentage of subjects experiencing vitreous haemorrhage was done by Cox regression model with treatment as fixed factor.
Other clinical outcomes
2 endpointsTime From Randomisation to First Occurrence of a Composite Microvascular Outcome
Time frame:from randomisation (visit 3; month 0) to last contact (visit 16; up to month 60+30 days)
time to event, event
componentsuACR, change, Custom renal composite, Kidney-replacement therapy, Renal death, other clinical outcomes retinopathy procedure, other clinical outcomes vitreous hemorrhage, other clinical outcomes diabetes related blindness
Time From Randomisation to Each Individual Component of the Composite Microvascular Outcome and to the Retinopathy and Nephropathy Composite Outcomes Separately.
Time frame:from randomisation (visit 3; month 0) to last contact (visit 16; up to month 60+30 days)
time to event, event
Publications (42)
Bibliography
Records linked to this trial through ClinicalTrials.gov references, PubMed NCT search, and curated study seeds. 'Canonical' marks design/result papers; others are registry references or candidates.
Registry references + supporting bibliography
- The Cochrane database of systematic reviews2025 Feb 18PMID39963952doi:10.1002/14651858.CD015849.pub2via clinicaltrials gov reference derived + pubmed nct search
- Diabetes, obesity & metabolism2022 Jul (month)PMID35332654doi:10.1111/dom.14700via clinicaltrials gov reference derived + pubmed nct search
- Diabetologia2022 Jan (month)PMID34704120doi:10.1007/s00125-021-05556-7via clinicaltrials gov reference derived + pubmed nct search
- Diabetes care2021 Apr (month)PMID33504496doi:10.2337/dc20-1622via clinicaltrials gov reference derived + pubmed nct search
- Diabetes, obesity & metabolism2020 Dec (month)PMID32744418doi:10.1111/dom.14160via clinicaltrials gov reference derived + pubmed nct search
- Diabetes, obesity & metabolism2020 Nov (month)PMID32643857doi:10.1111/dom.14140via clinicaltrials gov reference derived + pubmed nct search
- Diabetes, obesity & metabolism2020 Sep (month)PMID32372454doi:10.1111/dom.14079via clinicaltrials gov reference derived + pubmed nct search
- Diabetes care2020 Sep (month)PMID32647053doi:10.2337/dc20-0437via clinicaltrials gov reference derived + pubmed nct search
- Diabetes care2020 Jul (month)PMID32366578doi:10.2337/dc19-2251via clinicaltrials gov reference derived + pubmed nct search
- Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN2020 Apr 7PMID32132141doi:10.2215/CJN.11881019via clinicaltrials gov reference derived + pubmed nct search
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology2020 Mar 17PMID32164886doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2019.12.063via clinicaltrials gov reference derived + pubmed nct search
- Diabetes care2020 Feb (month)PMID31959650doi:10.2337/dci19-0067via clinicaltrials gov reference derived + pubmed nct search
- JAMA cardiology2019 Dec 1PMID31721979doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2019.3080via clinicaltrials gov reference derived + pubmed nct search
- Diabetes, obesity & metabolism2019 Nov (month)PMID31282028doi:10.1111/dom.13826via clinicaltrials gov reference derived + pubmed nct search
- Diabetes care2019 Oct (month)PMID31399438doi:10.2337/dc19-0415via clinicaltrials gov reference derived + pubmed nct search
- Diabetes, obesity & metabolism2019 Jul (month)PMID30851070doi:10.1111/dom.13698via CT.gov background + pubmed nct search
- Diabetes, obesity & metabolism2019 Jul (month)PMID30900349doi:10.1111/dom.13710via CT.gov background
- Circulation2018 Dec 18PMID30566006doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.036418via CT.gov reference + pubmed nct search
- Circulation2018 Dec 18PMID30566004doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.034516via CT.gov reference + pubmed nct search
- Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders2018 Dec (month)PMID30392095doi:10.1007/s13300-018-0524-zvia CT.gov reference + pubmed nct search
- Diabetes care2018 Oct (month)PMID30072400doi:10.2337/dc18-1094via CT.gov reference + pubmed nct search
- Diabetes & vascular disease research2018 Sep (month)PMID29947247doi:10.1177/1479164118783935via CT.gov reference + pubmed nct search
- Diabetes care2018 Aug (month)PMID29898902doi:10.2337/dc17-1825via CT.gov reference + pubmed nct search
- Diabetes care2018 Aug (month)PMID29903847doi:10.2337/dc17-2677via CT.gov reference + pubmed nct search
- The American journal of cardiology2018 Jun 15PMID29627109doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.02.030via CT.gov reference + pubmed nct search
- Circulation2018 May 15PMID29760228doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.033898via CT.gov reference + pubmed nct search
- The American journal of managed care2018 Apr (month)PMID29693361via clinicaltrials gov reference derived + pubmed nct search
- Diabetes care2018 Mar (month)PMID29279300doi:10.2337/dc17-1956via CT.gov reference + pubmed nct search
- The New England journal of medicine2017 Aug 31PMID28854085doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1616011via CT.gov reference + pubmed nct search
- Diabetes care2017 Jul (month)PMID28476871doi:10.2337/dc16-2747via CT.gov reference + pubmed nct search
- The New England journal of medicine2016 Jul 28PMID27295427doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1603827via CT.gov reference + pubmed nct search
- Journal of hypertension2016 Jun (month)PMID26855018doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000000890via CT.gov reference + pubmed nct search
- Cardiovascular diabetology2016 Feb 10PMID26864124doi:10.1186/s12933-016-0341-5via CT.gov reference + pubmed nct search
- Journal of diabetes and its complications2016 Nov-Dec (year)PMID27320184doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.06.001via CT.gov reference + pubmed nct search
- Diabetology & metabolic syndrome2016 (year)PMID27274772doi:10.1186/s13098-016-0153-5via CT.gov reference + pubmed nct search
- Pancreas2014 Nov (month)PMID25275271doi:10.1097/MPA.0000000000000229via CT.gov reference + pubmed nct search
Provenance
Sources
Trial facts come from public ClinicalTrials.gov records. Endpoint categories are Delfa's classification of those records, not a ClinicalTrials.gov field. All figures reflect the July 1, 2026 snapshot.