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SIMPLE

CompletedPhase 4Results posted

The Effect of Simple Basal Insulin Titration, Metformin Plus Liraglutide for Type 2 Diabetes With Very Elevated HbA1c - The SIMPLE Study

The Effect of Simple Insulin Detemir Titration, Metformin Plus Liraglutide Compared to Simple Insulin Detemir Titration Plus Insulin Aspart and Metformin for Type 2 Diabetes With Very Elevated HbA1c - The SIMPLE Study: A 26 Week, Randomized, Open Label, Parallel-group, Intention to Treat Study

Asset

Liraglutide

Subcutaneous · GLP-1 agonist

Listed sites

1

Recruiting sites

Enrollment

157

actual

Study population

Type 2 diabetes

Key I/E criterion

HbA1c ≥10%

Primary endpoint

HbA1c, change

Footprint

Where this trial recruits

Site locations as reported to ClinicalTrials.gov. Site count is not enrollment count; per-site enrollment is not available from source.

Identifiers

Registered as

NCT IDNCT01966978
Org study IDSTU 072013-030

Timeline

Milestones

Study first posted2013-10-22estimated
Last update posted2019-10-22actual
Results first posted2019-10-22actual
Study start2014-11 (month precision)
Primary completion2017-12actual (month precision)
Study completion2017-12actual (month precision)

Assets

Investigational agents

Study populations

Who this study enrolls

Type 2 diabetes

Eligibility

Who can enroll

Minimum age18 Years
Maximum age80 Years
SexAll
Healthy volunteersNot accepted

Inclusion criteria

1. Clinical diagnosis of type 2 diabetes with confirmed HbA1c level >10% at time of enrollment, regardless of prior or current treatment regimens, or time since diagnosis.

Exclusion criteria

1. Age <18 as the feasibility and safety of this treatment regimen should be first established in the adult population; if successful, a subsequent pediatric study will be proposed;

2. Type 1 diabetes as purposefully withholding meal-time insulin is contraindicated;

3. Clinical state requiring inpatient admission/treatment;

4. Contraindication or strong cautions to any of the study medications:

1. Creatinine above 1.4 mg/dl for women and 1.5 mg/dl for men (per metformin label)

2. History of lactic acidosis (per metformin label)

3. Advanced hepatic or cardiac disease (per metformin label)

4. Age >80 years (per metformin label)

5. Chronic alcohol use (>14 drinks/week)

6. History of pancreatitis (per liraglutide label)

7. Personal or family history of medullary thyroid cancer or MEN syndrome (per liraglutide label)

8. Pregnancy and lactation (per liraglutide label)

5. Any serious or unstable medical condition as it would interfere with treatment assignment as well as outcome measurement;

6. Any scheduled elective procedures/surgeries;

7. Active infections, including osteomyelitis;

8. Not willing to participate, unable to keep projected appointments, unwillingness to receive injectable treatment; unwillingness to perform 7-point glucose profiles over 2 consecutive days the weeks prior to Randomization (visit 1)and the week prior to visit 6

9. Non English speaking.

Endpoints (16)

What's being measured

Protocol endpoints and posted registry outcome measures, grouped into outcome categories. Composite endpoints show their component event types. Standard codes (LOINC, SNOMED CT) are shown where available.

Coverage by outcome category

Glycemic / diabetes
8
Patient-reported / QoL
4
Weight & body composition
2
Safety / tolerability / PK
2

Weight & body composition

2 endpoints
Secondary/registry result

Mean Change From Randomization in Body Weight

Time frame:Week 0 (Randomization) , Week 26

Body weight, absolute change (kg)

change from baseline, improvement

Posted result

GroupValue (mean), kilogram95% CI
Control: Metformin, Insulin Detemir, Insulin Aspart3.11.7 – 4.6
Metformin, Insulin Determir, Liraglutide-0.6-0.9 – 2.1
Secondary/protocol endpoint

Mean Change From Randomization in Body Weight

Time frame:Week 0 (Randomization) , Week 26

Body weight, absolute change (kg)

change from baseline, improvement

Glycemic / diabetes

8 endpoints
Primary/registry result

Mean Change From Randomization in A1c at Week 26

Time frame:Baseline and Week 26

HbA1c, change

change from baseline, improvement

LOINC 4548-4

Posted result

GroupValue (mean), Percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin95% CI
Control: Metformin, Insulin Detemir, Insulin Aspart3.42.4 – 3.7
Metformin, Insulin Determir, Liraglutide4.13.5 – 4.8
Primary/protocol endpoint

Mean Change From Randomization in A1c at Week 26

Time frame:Baseline and Week 26

HbA1c, change

change from baseline, improvement

LOINC 4548-4

Secondary/registry result

Composite End-point

Time frame:Week 0 (Randomization) , Week 26

threshold achievement, improvement

componentsHbA1c <7.0% achievement, Severe hypoglycemia, Body weight, % change

Posted result

GroupValue (number), percentage of participants95% CI
Control: Metformin, Insulin Detemir, Insulin Aspart16
Metformin, Insulin Determir, Liraglutide34
Secondary/registry result

Percentage of Participants Reaching Target A1c of <7% at Week 26

Time frame:Week 26

HbA1c <7.0% achievement

threshold achievement, improvement

LOINC 4548-4

Posted result

GroupValue (number), percentage of participants95% CI
Control: Metformin, Insulin Detemir, Insulin Aspart20
Metformin, Insulin Determir, Liraglutide44
Secondary/registry result

Percentage of Participants Reaching Pre-specified "Treatment Failure" Outcome

Time frame:week 13

threshold achievement, event

LOINC 4548-4

Posted result

GroupValue (number), percentage of participants95% CI
Control: Metformin, Insulin Detemir, Insulin Aspart16.1
Metformin, Insulin Determir, Liraglutide7.4
Secondary/protocol endpoint

Composite End-point

Time frame:Week 0 (Randomization) , Week 26

threshold achievement, improvement

componentsHbA1c <7.0% achievement, Severe hypoglycemia, Body weight, % change

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Percentage of Participants Reaching Target A1c of <7% at Week 26

Time frame:Week 26

HbA1c <7.0% achievement

threshold achievement, improvement

LOINC 4548-4

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Percentage of Participants Reaching Pre-specified "Treatment Failure" Outcome

Time frame:week 13

threshold achievement, event

LOINC 4548-4

Patient-reported / QoL

4 endpoints
Secondary/registry result

Change in Diabetes Quality of Life (DQOL)Questionnaire Score- Least Squares Means

Time frame:Week 0 (Randomization) , Week 26

change from baseline, improvement

Posted result

GroupValue (least_squares_mean), score on a scale95% CI
Control: Metformin, Insulin Detemir, Insulin AspartGeneral Health Perception-0.3-0.6 – -0.1
Current Health Perception-0.5-0.9 – -0.1
Treatment Satisfaction-0.3-0.5 – -0.04
Diabetes Related Worry0.03-0.1 – 0.2
Social or Vocational Worry-0.02-0.3 – 0.3
Hypoglycemia Fear0.30.04 – 0.5
Glycemic Control Perception-1.1-1.6 – -0.7
Satisfaction with Insulin Treatment-1.3-1.8 – -0.8
Willingness to Continue Insulin Treatment-0.9-1.4 – -0.3
LifeStyle Flexibility-0.09-0.4 – 0.2
Social Stigma0.1-0.2 – 0.4
Metformin, Insulin Determir, LiraglutideGeneral Health Perception-0.9-1.1 – -0.6
Current Health Perception-1.1-1.5 – -0.7
Treatment Satisfaction-0.6-0.8 – -0.4
Diabetes Related Worry-0.2-0.4 – -0.04
Social or Vocational Worry-0.2-0.4 – 0.08
Hypoglycemia Fear-0.2-0.4 – -0.005
Glycemic Control Perception-1.6-2.0 – -1.2
Satisfaction with Insulin Treatment-1.7-2.2 – -1.2
Willingness to Continue Insulin Treatment-1.1-1.7 – -0.6
LifeStyle Flexibility-0.2-0.4 – 0.1
Social Stigma0.01-0.3 – 0.4
Secondary/registry result

Change in Short Form-36 (SF-36) Questionnaire Score

Time frame:Week 0 (Randomization) , Week 26

SF-36 total

change from baseline, improvement

Posted result

GroupValue (least_squares_mean), score on a scale95% CI
Control: Metformin, Insulin Detemir, Insulin AspartPhysical Component Summary-0.1-0.4 – 0.2
Mental Component Summary0.04-0.1 – 0.1
Metformin, Insulin Determir, LiraglutidePhysical Component Summary0.007-0.3 – 0.3
Mental Component Summary0.09-0.02 – 0.2
Secondary/protocol endpoint

Change in Diabetes Quality of Life (DQOL)Questionnaire Score- Least Squares Means

Time frame:Week 0 (Randomization) , Week 26

change from baseline, improvement

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Change in Short Form-36 (SF-36) Questionnaire Score

Time frame:Week 0 (Randomization) , Week 26

SF-36 total

change from baseline, improvement

Safety / tolerability / PK

2 endpoints
Secondary/registry result

Hypoglycemic Episodes

Time frame:Week 0 (Randomization) , Week 2, week 4, week 13, Week 26

Documented hypoglycemia

threshold achievement, event

Posted result

GroupValue (number), percentage of participants95% CI
Control: Metformin, Insulin Detemir, Insulin Aspart66.1
Metformin, Insulin Determir, Liraglutide35.2
Secondary/protocol endpoint

Hypoglycemic Episodes

Time frame:Week 0 (Randomization) , Week 2, week 4, week 13, Week 26

Documented hypoglycemia

threshold achievement, event

Publications (1)

Bibliography

Records linked to this trial through ClinicalTrials.gov references, PubMed NCT search, and curated study seeds. 'Canonical' marks design/result papers; others are registry references or candidates.

Registry references + supporting bibliography

Provenance

Sources

Trial identity, design, statusClinicalTrials.gov API v2
Snapshot dateJuly 1, 2026
Endpoint classificationDelfa endpoint taxonomy v2 (May 13, 2026)
Results tableClinicalTrials.gov results section

Trial facts come from public ClinicalTrials.gov records. Endpoint categories are Delfa's classification of those records, not a ClinicalTrials.gov field. All figures reflect the July 1, 2026 snapshot.