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CompletedPhase 1

A Research Study to See How Much Semaglutide and SNAC is in the Milk of Healthy, Breastfeeding Women Taking Semaglutide Tablets

A Trial Investigating Semaglutide and SNAC Concentrations in Breastmilk Following Administration of Multiple Doses of Oral Semaglutide in Healthy, Lactating Females

Lead sponsor

Novo Nordisk A/S

Asset

Semaglutide

Oral · GLP-1 agonist

Listed sites

2

Recruiting sites

Enrollment

14

actual

Study population

Healthy volunteers

Key I/E criteria

BMI 20-32.4FemaleHealthy volunteers

Primary endpoints

AUC of semaglutide milk during a dosing interval after the 10th dosingArea under the salcaprozate sodium (SNAC) milk concentration-time curve during

Footprint

Where this trial recruits

Site locations as reported to ClinicalTrials.gov. Site count is not enrollment count; per-site enrollment is not available from source.

Identifiers

Registered as

NCT IDNCT04817644
Org study IDNN9924-4669
Secondary IDU1111-1253-4467World Health Organization (WHO)

Timeline

Milestones

Study first posted2021-03-26actual
Study start2021-09-10actual
Primary completion2023-05-26actual
Study completion2023-07-03actual
Last update posted2025-03-11actual

Assets

Investigational agents

Study populations

Who this study enrolls

Healthy volunteers

Eligibility

Who can enroll

Minimum age18 Years
SexFemale
Healthy volunteersAccepted

Inclusion criteria

Healthy, female subjects who have given birth at least 3 months prior to screening and who breastfeed (breastfeeding is defined by feeding the baby milk produced by the mother. Using a breast pump to collect milk and subsequently feeding it to the baby by bottle, is also defined as breastfeeding ) their infant to an extent, where the majority of the infant's total energy intake is from breastfeeding and sufficient milk is produced to fulfil the trial requirements, as judged by the investigator.
Agree to abstain from breastfeeding their infant from first dose of oral semaglutide to the "End of trial" visit (total of 47 days) to avoid potentially exposing their child to semaglutide and SNAC.
The breastfed infant is able to feed from a bottle (expenses related to alternative infant nutrition during trial participation will be covered by Novo Nordisk) prior to screening.
Age above or equal to 18 years at the time of agreement to take part.
Body mass index (BMI) between 20.0 and 32.4 kg/m^2 (both inclusive).

Exclusion criteria

Female who is pregnant or intends to become pregnant or is of child-bearing potential and not using an effective contraceptive method.
Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) greater than or equal to 6.5 % (48 mmol/mol) at screening.
Presence of clinically significant gastrointestinal disorders or symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders potentially affecting absorption of drugs or nutrients, as judged by the investigator.
History (as declared by the subject or reported in the medical records) of major surgical procedures involving the stomach potentially affecting absorption of trial products (e.g. subtotal and total gastrectomy, sleeve gastrectomy, gastric bypass surgery).
Personal or first degree relative(s) history of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 or medullary thyroid carcinoma (as declared by the subject or reported in the medical records).
Presence or history (as declared by the subject or reported in the medical records) of malignant neoplasm within 5 years prior to the day of screening (basal or squamous cell skin cancer, or any carcinoma in-situ is allowed).
Presence or history (as declared by the subject or reported in the medical records) of pancreatitis (acute or chronic).

Endpoints (65)

What's being measured

Protocol endpoints and posted registry outcome measures, grouped into outcome categories. Composite endpoints show their component event types. Standard codes (LOINC, SNOMED CT) are shown where available.

Safety / tolerability / PK

65 endpoints
Primary/protocol endpoint

Area under the semaglutide milk concentration-time curve during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (AUC0-24h,sema,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

AUC₀–∞

concentration, descriptive

Primary/protocol endpoint

Area under the salcaprozate sodium (SNAC) milk concentration-time curve during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (AUC0-24h,SNAC,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

AUC₀–∞

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Average semaglutide milk concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (Cavg,sema,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

Plasma concentration (steady state)

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Maximum semaglutide milk concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (Cmax,sema,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

Cmax

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Minimum semaglutide milk concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (Cmin,sema,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

Plasma concentration (steady state)

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Time to maximum semaglutide milk concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (tmax,sema,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

Tmax

descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Estimated daily infant semaglutide dose

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Relative daily infant semaglutide dose

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Average SNAC milk concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (Cavg,SNAC,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

Plasma concentration (steady state)

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Maximum SNAC milk concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (Cmax,SNAC,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

Cmax

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Minimum SNAC milk concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (Cmin,SNAC,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Time to maximum SNAC milk concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (tmax,SNAC,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

Tmax

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Estimated daily infant SNAC dose

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint/low confidence

Relative daily infant SNAC dose

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Area under the SNAC metabolite E494 milk concentration-time curve during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (AUC0-24h,E494,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

AUC₀–∞

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Average SNAC metabolite E494 milk concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (Cavg,E494,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

Plasma concentration (steady state)

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Maximum SNAC metabolite E494 milk concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (Cmax,E494,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

Cmax

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Minimum SNAC metabolite E494 milk concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (Cmin,E494,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Time to maximum SNAC metabolite E494 milk concentration after the 10th dosing (tmax,E494,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

Tmax

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Estimated daily infant SNAC metabolite E494 dose

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Area under the SNAC metabolite E506 milk concentration-time curve during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (AUC0-24h,E506,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

AUC₀–∞

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Average SNAC metabolite E506 milk concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (Cavg,E506,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Maximum SNAC metabolite E506 milk concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (Cmax,E506,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

Cmax

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Minimum SNAC metabolite E506 milk concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (Cmin,E506,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

Plasma concentration (steady state)

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Time to maximum SNAC metabolite E506 milk concentration after the 10th dosing (tmax,E506,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

Tmax

descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Estimated daily infant SNAC metabolite E506 dose

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Area under the SNAC metabolite E1245 milk concentration-time curve during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (AUC0-24h,E1245,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

AUC₀–∞

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Average SNAC metabolite E1245 milk concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (Cavg,E1245,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Maximum SNAC metabolite E1245 milk concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (Cmax,E1245,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

Cmax

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Minimum SNAC metabolite E1245 milk concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (Cmin,E1245,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Time to maximum SNAC metabolite E1245 milk concentration after the 10th dosing (tmax,E1245,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

Tmax

descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Estimated daily infant SNAC metabolite E1245 dose

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Area under the SNAC metabolite E1246 milk concentration-time curve during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (AUC0-24h,E1246,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

AUC₀–∞

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Average SNAC metabolite E1246 milk concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (Cavg,E1246,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Maximum SNAC metabolite E1246 milk concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (Cmax,E1246,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

Cmax

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Minimum SNAC metabolite E1246 milk concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (Cmin,E1246,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

Plasma concentration (steady state)

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Time to maximum SNAC metabolite E1246 milk concentration in milk after the 10th dosing (tmax,E1246,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

Tmax

descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Estimated daily infant SNAC metabolite E1246 dose

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Area under the SNAC metabolite E1247 milk concentration-time curve during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (AUC0-24h,E1247,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

AUC₀–∞

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Average SNAC metabolite E1247 milk concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (Cavg,E1247,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Maximum SNAC metabolite E1247 milk concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (Cmax,E1247,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

Cmax

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint/low confidence

Minimum SNAC metabolite E1247 milk concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (Cmin,E1247,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Time to maximum SNAC metabolite E1247 milk concentration after the 10th dosing (tmax,E1247,D10,milk)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

Tmax

descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Estimated daily infant SNAC metabolite E1247 dose

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Area under the semaglutide plasma concentration-time curve during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (AUC0-24h,sema,D10,plasma)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

AUC₀–∞

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Maximum semaglutide plasma concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (Cmax,sema,D10,plasma)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

Cmax

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Time to maximum semaglutide plasma concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (tmax,sema,D10,plasma)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

Tmax

descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Area under the SNAC plasma concentration-time curve during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (AUC0-24h,SNAC,D10,plasma)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

AUC₀–∞

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Maximum SNAC plasma concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (Cmax,SNAC,D10,plasma)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

Cmax

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Time to maximum SNAC plasma concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (tmax,SNAC,D10,plasma)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

Tmax

descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Area under the SNAC metabolite E494 plasma concentration-time curve during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (AUC0-24h,E494,D10,plasma)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

AUC₀–∞

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Maximum SNAC metabolite E494 plasma concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (Cmax,E494,D10,plasma)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

Cmax

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Time to maximum SNAC metabolite E494 plasma concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (tmax,E494,D10,plasma)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

Tmax

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Area under the SNAC metabolite E506 plasma concentration-time curve during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (AUC0-24h,E506,D10,plasma)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

AUC₀–∞

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Maximum SNAC metabolite E506 plasma concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (Cmax,E506,D10,plasma)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

Cmax

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Time to maximum SNAC metabolite E506 plasma concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (tmax,E506,D10,plasma)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

Tmax

descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Area under the SNAC metabolite E1245 plasma concentration-time curve during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (AUC0-24h,E1245,D10,plasma)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

AUC₀–∞

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Maximum SNAC metabolite E1245 plasma concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (Cmax,E1245,D10,plasma)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

Cmax

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Time to maximum SNAC metabolite E1245 plasma concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (tmax,E1245,D10,plasma)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

Tmax

descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Area under the SNAC metabolite E1246 plasma concentration-time curve during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (AUC0-24h,E1246,D10,plasma)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

AUC₀–∞

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Maximum SNAC metabolite E1246 plasma concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (Cmax,E1246,D10,plasma)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

Cmax

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Time to maximum SNAC metabolite E1246 plasma concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (tmax,E1246,D10,plasma)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

Tmax

descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Area under the SNAC metabolite E1247 plasma concentration-time curve during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (AUC0-24h,E1247,D10,plasma)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

AUC₀–∞

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Maximum SNAC metabolite E1247 plasma concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (Cmax,E1247,D10,plasma)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

Cmax

concentration, descriptive

Secondary/protocol endpoint

Time to maximum SNAC metabolite E1247 plasma concentration during a dosing interval after the 10th dosing (tmax,E1247,D10,plasma)

Time frame:From 0 to 24 hours after the 10th dosing (day 10)

Tmax

descriptive

Provenance

Sources

Trial identity, design, statusClinicalTrials.gov API v2
Snapshot dateJuly 1, 2026
Endpoint classificationDelfa endpoint taxonomy v2 (May 13, 2026)
Results tableno registry results posted yet

Trial facts come from public ClinicalTrials.gov records. Endpoint categories are Delfa's classification of those records, not a ClinicalTrials.gov field. All figures reflect the July 1, 2026 snapshot.