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ON TARGET DM

CompletedResults posted

Comparison of Type 2 Diabetes Pharmacotherapy Regimens

Comparison of Type 2 Diabetes Pharmacotherapy Regimens Using Targeted Learning

Lead sponsor

Kaiser Permanente

Assets

Exenatide / Liraglutide

Listed sites

Recruiting sites

—

Enrollment

241,981

actual

Study population

Type 2 diabetes

Key I/E criterion

—

Primary endpoint

•3-point MACE (Cardiovascular death, Non-fatal MI, Non-fatal stroke)

Footprint

Where this trial recruits

Site locations as reported to ClinicalTrials.gov. Site count is not enrollment count; per-site enrollment is not available from source.

Identifiers

Registered as

NCT IDNCT05073692

Org study ID739857

Timeline

Milestones

Study start2021-07-01actual

Study first posted2021-10-11actual

Primary completion2024-12-31actual

Study completion2025-03-12actual

Last update posted2025-11-21actual

Results first posted2025-11-21actual

Assets

Investigational agents

Exenatide Liraglutide

Study populations

Who this study enrolls

Type 2 diabetes

Eligibility

Who can enroll

Minimum age18 Years

Maximum age85 Years

SexAll

Healthy volunteersNot accepted

Sampling methodNon probability sample

Study population text

Patients from six large care delivery systems with integrated administrative and EHR clinical data sources (Geisinger in Pennsylvania, Henry Ford Health System in Michigan, HealthPartners Institute in Minnesota and Wisconsin, and Kaiser Permanente of Northern California, Southern California, and Hawaii) who were new users of glucose-lowering medications between 01/01/2014 and 12/31/2021.

Eligibility criteria

•Dispensing of either of the set of drugs being compared

•No prior dispensing of nor contraindication for any of the drugs compared

•Evidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus diagnosis

•Age 18 or older

•Not currently pregnant

•No evidence of dementia or short-term life expectancy from prior cancer diagnoses

•History of ≥2 years of continuous health plan membership

•≥1 A1c test in the past 18 months

Endpoints (2)

What's being measured

Protocol endpoints and posted registry outcome measures, grouped into outcome categories. Composite endpoints show their component event types. Standard codes (LOINC, SNOMED CT) are shown where available.

Cardiovascular outcomes

2 endpoints

Primary/registry result

Incidence of 3-point Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE)

Time frame:2.5 years

3-point MACE

composite event, event

componentsCardiovascular death, Non-fatal MI, Non-fatal stroke

Posted result

Group	Value (count_of_participants), Participants	95% CI
SU Initiators	11,348	—
DPP4 Initiators	393	—
SGLT2i Initiators	424	—
GLP-1RA Initiators	296	—

Primary/protocol endpoint

Incidence of 3-point Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE)

Time frame:2.5 years

3-point MACE

composite event, event

componentsCardiovascular death, Non-fatal MI, Non-fatal stroke

Publications (4)

Bibliography

Records linked to this trial through ClinicalTrials.gov references, PubMed NCT search, and curated study seeds. 'Canonical' marks design/result papers; others are registry references or candidates.

Registry references + supporting bibliography

Clinical and Demographic Characteristics Associated With Diabetes Remission in Six Integrated Health Care Systems: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Diabetes care2025 Oct 1PMID40734551doi:10.2337/dc25-0530via CT.gov reference
Glucose-Lowering Medication Classes and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.
JAMA network open2025 Oct 1PMID41091469doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.36100via CT.gov reference
Race and ethnicity and pharmacy dispensing of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes.
Lancet regional health. Americas2024 Jun (month)PMID38745886doi:10.1016/j.lana.2024.100759via CT.gov reference
Principles for Stakeholder Engagement in Observational Health Research.
JAMA health forum2024 Mar 1PMID38488777doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2024.0114via CT.gov background

Provenance

Sources

Trial identity, design, statusClinicalTrials.gov API v2

Snapshot dateJuly 1, 2026

Endpoint classificationDelfa endpoint taxonomy v2 (May 13, 2026)

Results tableClinicalTrials.gov results section

Trial facts come from public ClinicalTrials.gov records. Endpoint categories are Delfa's classification of those records, not a ClinicalTrials.gov field. All figures reflect the July 1, 2026 snapshot.