MASH

Age 18-75 years (inclusive) at screening; sex unrestricted.

Subjects with centrally confirmed MASH (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis) based on liver histopathology must meet all the following criteria:

1. NAS (Appendix 1) ≥ 4 （with at least 1 point each for lobular inflammation and ballooning degeneration）;

2. CRN fibrosis stage (see Appendix 2) of F2 or F3 (a liver biopsy obtained ≤ 6 months before screening is acceptable if it meets the above criteria).

3.Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Proton Density Fat Fraction (MRI-PDFF) ≥ 8 % at screening (MRI-PDFF results obtained within 2 months prior to screening at the trial site are acceptable).

4.Subjects must have <5% body weight fluctuation during the 6 weeks prior to randomization (based on self-reported data), calculated as: [(Highest weight - Lowest weight) / Highest weight] × 100%. For subjects using historical liver biopsy, documented weight change from biopsy to randomization must also be < 5 %.

5.At least one cardiometabolic risk factor at screening:

1. Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 24.0 kg/m², or waist circumference ≥90 cm for males or ≥85 cm for females;

2. Blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg, or on antihypertensive therapy;

3. Fasting triglycerides ≥ 1.70 mmol/L and < 5.6 mmol/L, or on lipid-lowering therapy;

4. Fasting HDL-C ≤ 1.0 mmol/L for males or ≤ 1.3 mmol/L for females; or on lipid-lowering therapy;

5. Fasting glucose ≥ 6.1 mmol/L or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 5.7 %, or documented history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), or Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance index ≥ 2.5.

6.Subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) must meet glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≤ 9.0 % at screening (local result obtained ≤ 2 weeks before randomization accepted), and stable glycemic control regimen for at least 3 months prior to screening: subjects must be on diet and exercise control alone, or in combination with stable-dose glucose-lowering medications, with the following requirements::

1. Diet and exercise alone;

2. Stable-dose use of metformin, sulfonylureas, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, or insulin, stable insulin dose defined as ≤35% variation in total daily insulin dose; 7. Subjects (including partners) must have no pregnancy plans from screening through 6 months post-trial and must practice contraception during the study, with no plans to donate sperm/oocytes for 6 months after trial completion.

8. Subjects must provide informed consent prior to trial participation and voluntarily sign the written informed consent form.

9.Voluntarily comply with all trial follow-up requirements, demonstrate good protocol adherence, and be willing and able to undergo protocol-specified liver biopsies.

1. Known hypersensitivity to the investigational product or any of its excipients, or allergy to other GLP-1 receptor agonists, or clinically significant history of multiple/severe drug allergies, or current allergic diseases or hypersensitivity diathesis;

2. Previous use of any of the following drugs or treatments:

1) Use of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1R), or GLP-1R/GCGR agonists, or GLP-1R/GIPR/GCGR agonists within 3 months prior to screening; 2) Cumulative use for ≥4 weeks within 3 months prior to screening, use within 1 month prior to screening, or planned use during the trial of vitamin E (dose >400 IU/day), thiazolidinediones, polyunsaturated fatty acids, or ursodeoxycholic acid; 3) Cumulative use for ≥4 weeks within 3 months prior to screening, use within 1 month prior to screening, or planned use during the trial of drugs associated with liver injury, hepatic steatosis, or steatohepatitis: including amiodarone, methotrexate, systemic glucocorticoids (dose >5 mg/day prednisone equivalent), estrogens (dose exceeding hormone replacement therapy or contraceptive use), tetracyclines, tamoxifen, anabolic steroids, valproate, or restricted drugs, or any drug deemed likely to interfere with efficacy or safety evaluations; 4) Unstable doses of statins, fibrates, or PCSK9 inhibitors within 1 month prior to screening; 3.History or evidence of any of the following diseases:

1. Chronic liver disease other than MASH (e.g., autoimmune liver disease, primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, chronic liver disease-related ascites, esophageal varices, hepatic encephalopathy, etc.).

2. Diagnosis of type 1 diabetes or other specific types of diabetes, except resolved gestational diabetes;

3. Acute pancreatitis or chronic pancreatitis within 1 year prior to screening, history of pancreatic surgery; or symptomatic gallbladder disease within 1 year prior to screening (e.g., choledocholithiasis, multiple gallstones, etc., except those who underwent cholecystectomy or stone removal);

4. Personal or family history (first-degree relatives-parents, children, or siblings) of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2);

5. History of severe psychiatric disorders, including but not limited to depression, suicidal tendencies or attempts, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, etc.;

6. Clinically significant active cardiovascular/cerebrovascular disease within 6 months prior to screening, defined as: ① Myocardial infarction (MI) or unstable angina; ② Cardiac-related surgery (including coronary artery bypass grafting, percutaneous coronary intervention); ③Congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association [NYHA] Class III-IV) (see Appendix 3); ④ Cerebrovascular accident (except old lacunar infarction), including but not limited to stroke/transient ischemic attack; ⑤ Other cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases deemed unsuitable for trial participation by the investigator;

7. Retinal diseases requiring urgent treatment at screening (including but not limited to retinal vascular disorders, retinal inflammation, retinal detachment, retinal degeneration, etc.), as assessed by the investigator;

8. History of severe hypoglycemic coma or frequent hypoglycemia (≥1 episode/week) within 2 months prior to enrollment (defined as fingertip or venous blood glucose <3.9 mmol/L for T2DM subjects or <2.8 mmol/L for non-T2DM subjects);

9. Gastroparesis or other gastrointestinal motility disorders (e.g., pyloric obstruction, intestinal obstruction, etc.), uncontrolled gastroesophageal reflux disease, or gastrointestinal conditions deemed by the investigator to increase drug-related risks (e.g., severe active ulcers, inflammatory bowel disease, acute gastroenteritis, symptomatic chronic gastritis, functional gastrointestinal disorders, intestinal tuberculosis, etc.);

10. Major surgery, severe trauma, or severe infection within 1 month prior to screening, deemed unsuitable for participation by the investigator;

11. History of malignancy (except adequately treated cervical carcinoma in situ, basal or squamous cell skin cancer, localized prostate cancer post-radical therapy, ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast post-radical therapy, and papillary thyroid carcinoma post-radical therapy);

12. Concurrent diseases deemed by the investigator to affect subject safety, efficacy evaluation, or compliance, e.g., neurological, endocrine, psychiatric, etc. ; 4.Laboratory abnormalities at screening meeting any of the following criteria:

1) Hepatic or renal impairment, based on each hospital laboratory's reference values, serum ALT and/or AST >5× upper limit of normal (ULN); serum total bilirubin ≥1.5×ULN; estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL·min-1·1.73m-2. (calculated using CKD-EPI formula see Appendix 4) ; 2) Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) >2.0×ULN; 3) Platelet count < 100 × 10⁹/L; 4) Serum calcitonin ≥ 50 pg/mL (i.e., 50 ng/L); 5) Serum amylase or lipase > 2.0× ULN; 6) International normalized ratio (INR) >1.2×ULN at screening; 7) Albumin < 3.5 g/dL (35.0 g/L). 8) Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥160 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥100 mmHg at screening), subjects may be re-screened after 1 month of initiating or adjusting antihypertensive therapy; 9) Unstable thyroid dysfunction requiring medication adjustment at screening, or clinically significant abnormal thyroid function test results necessitating treatment initiation; 10) Subjects with clinically significant ECG abnormalities at screening, including:

8.MRI contraindications, including but not limited to severe claustrophobia, large tattoos, inner ear implants, pacemakers or other implantable rhythm management devices, MRI-incompatible intracranial aneurysm clips, or other non-MRI-compatible metal implants (e.g., insulin pumps, hip replacements); 9.Participation in other clinical trial within 3 months prior to screening or 5 half-lives of the investigational drug (whichever is longer)(except for screening-only or non-interventional studies): 10.Excessive alcohol consumption within 12 months prior to screening, defined as >210 g/week (male) or >140 g/week (female) of ethanol (alcohol) for >3 months. Ethanol intake [g] = volume [mL] × alcohol percentage × 0.8); 11.Lactating or pregnant females; 12.Intolerance to venipuncture or history of needle/phobia; 13.Other conditions deemed unsuitable for trial participation by the investigator.